German Immigrants in the United States
German emigration to the United States began in the 17th century, when people started to realize that the land was a safe place to live. It was also a chance to legally own property and to pass it down to the descendants. Unlike immigrants from other countries, however, the experience of living in the United States was not standardized. Instead, each family had a different story and experience.
German emigration to the United States began in the 17th century
German immigrants have played a very important role in the formation of the United States. They shaped the culture of America through their contributions to literature, music, science and education. In fact, a quarter of American citizens trace at least some of their ancestry back to Germany.
The first wave of German immigrants arrived in the late seventeenth century. Some came to the new country to seek a new life for themselves, while others fled economic, political, or religious persecution. Regardless of the reason, the Germans established a number of communities. Many of them remained in New York City, while others settled in the Midwest.
By the end of the nineteenth century, nearly seven million Germans were in the US. Most lived in New Jersey and New York. However, smaller numbers of Germans settled in Virginia, Maryland, Georgia, Carolinas, and New England.
Most Germans arrived with a strong desire to become naturalized citizens of the U.S. They also brought with them their loyalty to their religion. A small group of German Mennonites, for example, founded Germantown, a settlement located six miles north of Philadelphia. This settlement became a focal point for German immigration for two centuries. During this time, the town became a cultural hub and rallying point for the people of the area.
By the middle of the 1800s, many Germans had bought farms in the present-day Midwest. Others came to the states to work as foremen in railway construction or to pursue agricultural and industrial opportunities.
Throughout the nineteenth century, Germans became more mobile than other groups. Their customs and language were influenced by the locals. These influences can be seen in hundreds of North American cities named after German settlements in Europe.
Germans were known for their strong sense of order and respect for authority. Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, they contributed to the development of education programs in the colonies, bringing with them hymn books, choirs, and organs. As the United States developed into a more advanced industrial society, many German-Americans seized the opportunities of this new economy.
As the twentieth century began, a wave of German immigrants came to the US to settle in the Midwest. Several groups of religious minorities came to the New World, such as the Baptist Dunkers, Waldensians, and Amish. Some groups even sought to form utopian communities.
Thousands of Jewish intellectuals and professionals emigrated from Hitler’s Germany in the early 1940s. These refugees made profound contributions to the fields of history, literature, philosophy, social psychology, and music. Hundreds of scientists and artists followed suit.
After the Second World War, the USA remained an important destination for German emigrants. While some chose to return home, others were welcomed by their family members.
German-American experience was idiosyncratic
For many, the German-American experience was a unique one. These idiosyncratic immigrants exhibited unusual behaviors, values, and cultural traditions. As a result, their identity suffered from an extreme degree of internal heterogeneity.
Many Germans who arrived in the United States were refugees who came here for religious and economic reasons. They hoped to make a new life for themselves. Often, they were forced out of their native country due to religious oppression and land shortages. The United States was a safer and more prosperous destination than Europe. Some Germans settled in cities, while others travelled to the countryside for better agricultural opportunities.
Unlike other immigrant groups of the nineteenth century, Germans exhibited a high degree of heterogeneity. They spoke various regional languages, favored paternalistic families, and possessed unique religious, political, and cultural beliefs.
Although there were a number of distinct subgroups, each group followed a distinct path toward assimilation. There was a wide-spread use of German language and culture in the United States, but most Americans descended from German immigrants do not speak the language.
One of the best-known features of the German-American experience was the Christmas tree tradition. The Germans began a tradition of putting up a Christmas tree each year to celebrate the holiday. Another feature was the establishment of kindergartens.
In fact, the German-Americans were the first to establish kindergartens in the United States. Sports programs also helped the Germans promote their ethnic identity. Basketball was an early example of this. A basketball team from Buffalo, New York, won over seven hundred games in the early twentieth century.
A number of Germans became known for their achievements. They included Carl Schurz, a politician and writer who served as a United States senator. He was also a prominent Civil War general.
Germans made a mark in the brewing industry. Frederick Pabst founded the Pabst Brewing Company, while Eberhard Anheuser launched the Anheuser-Busch Brewing Company. Others included Adolph Coors, who founded the Molson Coors Brewing Company.
A significant figure in the German-American experience was Hermann Raster, who served as a correspondent for America to Germany. Raster was influential in attracting the attention of the American public to the contributions of German Americans.
While the German-American experience was unique, it was not without its share of controversy. Especially during the war, the German-American community was a target of suspicion. At times, they were accused of sympathizing too much with Imperial Germany. They were also accused of becoming pariahs, especially during World War I.
During the Great War, the Germans’ ethnic identity was damaged and fell into a permanent slump. Attempts were made to “Americanize” their names and rename some streets to sound more American. Their ethnicity suffered, but they still enjoyed Uncle Sam’s favor.